Az - Entra ID (AzureAD) & Azure IAM
Last updated
Last updated
Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) služi kao Microsoftova usluga zasnovana na oblaku za upravljanje identitetom i pristupom. Ona je ključna za omogućavanje zaposlenima da se prijave i dobiju pristup resursima, kako unutar tako i van organizacije, uključujući Microsoft 365, Azure portal i brojne druge SaaS aplikacije. Dizajn Azure AD se fokusira na pružanje osnovnih usluga identiteta, posebno uključujući autentifikaciju, autorizaciju i upravljanje korisnicima.
Ključne karakteristike Azure AD uključuju višefaktorsku autentifikaciju i uslovni pristup, uz besprekornu integraciju sa drugim Microsoftovim bezbednosnim uslugama. Ove karakteristike značajno povećavaju bezbednost identiteta korisnika i omogućavaju organizacijama da efikasno implementiraju i sprovode svoje politike pristupa. Kao osnovna komponenta Microsoftovog ekosistema usluga zasnovanih na oblaku, Azure AD je ključan za upravljanje identitetima korisnika u oblaku.
Kada se prijavite putem CLI u Azure sa bilo kojim programom, koristite Azure aplikaciju iz tenanta koji pripada Microsoftu. Ove aplikacije, poput onih koje možete kreirati u svom nalogu, imaju klijent id. Nećete moći da vidite sve njih u listama dozvoljenih aplikacija koje možete videti u konzoli, ali su po defaultu dozvoljene.
Na primer, powershell skripta koja autentifikuje koristi aplikaciju sa klijent id 1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2
. Čak i ako aplikacija ne pojavljuje u konzoli, sysadmin može blokirati tu aplikaciju tako da korisnici ne mogu pristupiti koristeći alate koji se povezuju putem te aplikacije.
Međutim, postoje drugi klijent-ids aplikacija koje će vam omogućiti da se povežete na Azure:
Za više informacija o Entra ID korisnicima pogledajte:
Preporučuje se dodavanje MFA za svakog korisnika, međutim, neke kompanije to neće postaviti ili će možda postaviti uz Uslovni pristup: Korisnik će biti obavezan MFA ako se prijavi sa određene lokacije, pretraživača ili neke uslove. Ove politike, ako nisu pravilno konfigurisane, mogu biti podložne obiđanjima. Proverite:
Za više informacija o Entra ID grupama proverite:
Vlasnici grupe mogu dodavati nove korisnike u grupu
Grupe mogu biti dinamične, što u osnovi znači da ako korisnik ispunjava određene uslove, biće dodat u grupu. Naravno, ako su uslovi zasnovani na atributima koje korisnik može kontrolisati, mogao bi zloupotrebiti ovu funkciju da uđe u druge grupe. Proverite kako zloupotrebiti dinamične grupe na sledećoj stranici:
Za više informacija o Entra ID servisnim principima proverite:
Vlasnik Servisnog Principala može promeniti svoju lozinku.
```powershell # Just call Add-AzADAppSecret Function Add-AzADAppSecret { <# .SYNOPSIS Add client secret to the applications.
.PARAMETER GraphToken Pass the Graph API Token
.EXAMPLE PS C:> Add-AzADAppSecret -GraphToken 'eyJ0eX..'
.LINK https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/application-list?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/application-addpassword?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http #>
[CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)] [String] $GraphToken = $null )
$AppList = $null $AppPassword = $null
$Params = @{ "URI" = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/applications" "Method" = "GET" "Headers" = @{ "Content-Type" = "application/json" "Authorization" = "Bearer $GraphToken" } }
try { $AppList = Invoke-RestMethod @Params -UseBasicParsing } catch { }
if($AppList -ne $null) { [System.Collections.ArrayList]$Details = @()
foreach($App in $AppList.value) { $ID = $App.ID $psobj = New-Object PSObject
$Params = @{ "URI" = "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/applications/$ID/addPassword" "Method" = "POST" "Headers" = @{ "Content-Type" = "application/json" "Authorization" = "Bearer $GraphToken" } }
$Body = @{ "passwordCredential"= @{ "displayName" = "Password" } }
try { $AppPassword = Invoke-RestMethod @Params -UseBasicParsing -Body ($Body | ConvertTo-Json) Add-Member -InputObject $psobj -NotePropertyName "Object ID" -NotePropertyValue $ID Add-Member -InputObject $psobj -NotePropertyName "App ID" -NotePropertyValue $App.appId Add-Member -InputObject $psobj -NotePropertyName "App Name" -NotePropertyValue $App.displayName Add-Member -InputObject $psobj -NotePropertyName "Key ID" -NotePropertyValue $AppPassword.keyId Add-Member -InputObject $psobj -NotePropertyName "Secret" -NotePropertyValue $AppPassword.secretText $Details.Add($psobj) | Out-Null } catch { Write-Output "Failed to add new client secret to '$($App.displayName)' Application." } } if($Details -ne $null) { Write-Output "" Write-Output "Client secret added to : " Write-Output $Details | fl * } } else { Write-Output "Failed to Enumerate the Applications." } }
Tajni niz koji aplikacija koristi da dokaže svoj identitet prilikom zahteva za token je lozinka aplikacije. Dakle, ako pronađete ovu lozinku, možete pristupiti kao servisni principal unutar tenanta. Napomena: ova lozinka je vidljiva samo kada je generisana (možete je promeniti, ali je ne možete ponovo dobiti). Vlasnik aplikacije može dodati lozinku (tako da može da se pretvara da je ona). Prijave kao ovi servisni principi nisu označene kao rizične i neće imati MFA.
Za više informacija o upravljanim identitetima proverite:
# List all manged identitiesaz identity list --output table# With the principal ID you can continue the enumeration in service principals
Za više informacija o Azure ulogama pogledajte:
# Get rolesaz role definition list# Get all assigned rolesaz role assignment list --all --query "[].roleDefinitionName"az role assignment list --all | jq '.[] | .roleDefinitionName,.scope'# Get info of 1 roleaz role definition list --name "AzureML Registry User"# Get only custom rolesaz role definition list --custom-role-only# Get only roles assigned to the resource group indicatedaz role definition list --resource-group <resource_group># Get only roles assigned to the indicated scopeaz role definition list --scope <scope># Get all the principals a role is assigned toaz role assignment list --all --query "[].{principalName:principalName,principalType:principalType,resourceGroup:resourceGroup,roleDefinitionName:roleDefinitionName}[?roleDefinitionName=='<ROLE_NAME>']"# Get all the roles assigned to a useraz role assignment list --assignee "<email>" --all --output table# Get all the roles assigned to a user by filteringaz role assignment list --all --query "[?principalName=='carlos@carloshacktricks.onmicrosoft.com']" --output table# Get role assignments on the subscriptionGet-AzRoleDefinition# Get Role definitionGet-AzRoleDefinition -Name "Virtual Machine Command Executor"# Get roles of a user or resourceGet-AzRoleAssignment -SignInName test@corp.onmicrosoft.comGet-AzRoleAssignment -Scope /subscriptions/<subscription-id>/resourceGroups/<res_group_name>/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/<vm_name># Get permissions over a resource using ARM directly$Token = (Get-AzAccessToken).Token$URI = 'https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/b413826f-108d-4049-8c11-d52d5d388768/resourceGroups/Research/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/infradminsrv/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/permissions?api-version=2015-07-01'$RequestParams = @{Method = 'GET'Uri = $URIHeaders = @{'Authorization' = "Bearer $Token"}}(Invoke-RestMethod @RequestParams).value
Za više informacija o Azure ulogama proverite:
# List template Entra ID rolesaz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryRoleTemplates"# List enabled built-in Entra ID rolesaz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryRoles"# List all Entra ID roles with their permissions (including custom roles)az rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/roleManagement/directory/roleDefinitions"# List only custom Entra ID rolesaz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/roleManagement/directory/roleDefinitions" | jq '.value[] | select(.isBuiltIn == false)'# List all assigned Entra ID rolesaz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/roleManagement/directory/roleAssignments"# List members of a Entra ID rolesaz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directoryRoles/<role-id>/members"# List Entra ID roles assigned to a useraz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/<user-id>/memberOf/microsoft.graph.directoryRole" \--query "value[]" \--output json# List Entra ID roles assigned to a groupaz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/groups/$GROUP_ID/memberOf/microsoft.graph.directoryRole" \--query "value[]" \--output json# List Entra ID roles assigned to a service principalaz rest --method GET \--uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/servicePrincipals/$SP_ID/memberOf/microsoft.graph.directoryRole" \--query "value[]" \--output json# Get all available role templatesGet-AzureADDirectoryroleTemplate# Get enabled roles (Assigned roles)Get-AzureADDirectoryRoleGet-AzureADDirectoryRole -ObjectId <roleID> #Get info about the role# Get custom roles - use AzureAdPreviewGet-AzureADMSRoleDefinition | ?{$_.IsBuiltin -eq $False} | select DisplayName# Users assigned a role (Global Administrator)Get-AzureADDirectoryRole -Filter "DisplayName eq 'Global Administrator'" | Get-AzureADDirectoryRoleMemberGet-AzureADDirectoryRole -ObjectId <id> | fl# Roles of the Administrative Unit (who has permissions over the administrative unit and its members)Get-AzureADMSScopedRoleMembership -Id <id> | fl *
# If you know how to do this send a PR!# Enumerate DevicesGet-AzureADDevice -All $true | fl *# List all the active devices (and not the stale devices)Get-AzureADDevice -All $true | ?{$_.ApproximateLastLogonTimeStamp -ne $null}# Get owners of all devicesGet-AzureADDevice -All $true | Get-AzureADDeviceRegisteredOwnerGet-AzureADDevice -All $true | %{if($user=Get-AzureADDeviceRegisteredOwner -ObjectId $_.ObjectID){$_;$user.UserPrincipalName;"`n"}}# Registred users of all the devicesGet-AzureADDevice -All $true | Get-AzureADDeviceRegisteredUserGet-AzureADDevice -All $true | %{if($user=Get-AzureADDeviceRegisteredUser -ObjectId $_.ObjectID){$_;$user.UserPrincipalName;"`n"}}# Get dives managed using IntuneGet-AzureADDevice -All $true | ?{$_.IsCompliant -eq "True"}# Get devices owned by a userGet-AzureADUserOwnedDevice -ObjectId test@corp.onmicrosoft.com# Get Administrative Units of a deviceGet-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnit | where { Get-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnitMember -ObjectId $_.ObjectId | where {$_.ObjectId -eq $deviceObjId} }
Ako je uređaj (VM) AzureAD povezan, korisnici iz AzureAD će moći da se prijave. Štaviše, ako je prijavljeni korisnik Vlasnik uređaja, on će biti lokalni administrator.
Za više informacija o administrativnim jedinicama pogledajte:
# List all administrative unitsaz rest --method GET --uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directory/administrativeUnits"# Get AU infoaz rest --method GET --uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directory/administrativeUnits/a76fd255-3e5e-405b-811b-da85c715ff53"# Get membersaz rest --method GET --uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directory/administrativeUnits/a76fd255-3e5e-405b-811b-da85c715ff53/members"# Get principals with roles over the AUaz rest --method GET --uri "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/directory/administrativeUnits/a76fd255-3e5e-405b-811b-da85c715ff53/scopedRoleMembers"# Get Administrative UnitsGet-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnitGet-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnit -Id <id># Get ID of admin unit by string$adminUnitObj = Get-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnit -Filter "displayname eq 'Test administrative unit 2'"# List the users, groups, and devices affected by the administrative unitGet-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnitMember -Id <id># Get the roles users have over the members of the AUGet-AzureADMSScopedRoleMembership -Id <id> | fl #Get role ID and role members
Upravljanje Privilegovanim Identitetima (PIM) u Azure pomaže da se spreči dodeljivanje prekomernih privilegija korisnicima bez potrebe.
Jedna od glavnih funkcija koju PIM pruža je da omogućava da se ne dodeljuju uloge principima koji su konstantno aktivni, već da ih učini prikladnim na određeni vremenski period (npr. 6 meseci). Tada, kada korisnik želi da aktivira tu ulogu, mora da je zatraži navodeći vreme koliko mu je potrebna privilegija (npr. 3 sata). Tada administrator mora da odobri zahtev. Napomena: korisnik će takođe moći da zatraži da se prolongira vreme.
Pored toga, PIM šalje emailove svaki put kada se privilegovana uloga dodeljuje nekome.
Kada je PIM omogućen, moguće je konfigurisati svaku ulogu sa određenim zahtevima kao što su:
Maksimalno trajanje (sati) aktivacije
Zahteva MFA prilikom aktivacije
Zahteva kontekst autentifikacije uslovnog pristupa
Zahteva opravdanje prilikom aktivacije
Zahteva informacije o tiketu prilikom aktivacije
Zahteva odobrenje za aktivaciju
Maksimalno vreme za isteknuće prikladnih dodela
Puno više konfiguracija o tome kada i kome slati obaveštenja kada se određene radnje dogode sa tom ulogom
Proverite:
Entra Zaštita Identiteta je bezbednosna usluga koja omogućava otkrivanje kada je korisnik ili prijavljivanje previše rizično da bi bilo prihvaćeno, omogućavajući da se blokira korisnik ili pokušaj prijavljivanja.
Omogućava administratoru da je konfiguriše da blokira pokušaje kada je rizik "Nizak i iznad", "Srednji i iznad" ili "Visok". Iako je po defaultu potpuno onemogućena:
Danas se preporučuje dodavanje ovih ograničenja putem politika uslovnog pristupa gde je moguće konfigurisati iste opcije.
Može se primeniti i na nivou oblaka i na lokalnom Active Directory-ju.
Podrazumevani režim je Revizija:
Aplikacija sa dozvolom AppRoleAssignment.ReadWrite
može povećati privilegije na Global Admin dodeljujući sebi tu ulogu.
Za više informacija .
Moguće je pronaći listu često korišćenih App ID-ova koji pripadaju Microsoft-u na
Entra Zaštita Lozinki () je bezbednosna funkcija koja pomaže u sprečavanju zloupotrebe slabih lozinki tako što zaključava naloge kada se dogodi nekoliko neuspešnih pokušaja prijavljivanja. Takođe omogućava da se zabranjuje prilagođena lista lozinki koju treba da obezbedite.
</details>
### Aplikacije
Za više informacija o Aplikacijama pogledajte:
<div data-gb-custom-block data-tag="content-ref" data-url='../az-basic-information/'>
[az-basic-information](../az-basic-information/)
</div>
Kada se aplikacija generiše, dodeljuju se 2 tipa dozvola:
* **Dozvole** dodeljene **Servisnom Principal**
* **Dozvole** koje **aplikacija** može imati i koristiti **u ime korisnika**.
<div data-gb-custom-block data-tag="tabs">
<div data-gb-custom-block data-tag="tab" data-title='az cli'>
```bash
# List Apps
az ad app list
az ad app list --query "[].[displayName,appId]" -o table
# Get info of 1 App
az ad app show --id 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
# Search App by string
az ad app list --query "[?contains(displayName,'app')].displayName"
# Get the owner of an application
az ad app owner list --id <id> --query "[].[displayName]" -o table
# Get SPs owned by current user
az ad app list --show-mine
# Get apps with generated secret or certificate
az ad app list --query '[?length(keyCredentials) > `0` || length(passwordCredentials) > `0`].[displayName, appId, keyCredentials, passwordCredentials]' -o json
# Login Open browser
Connect-MgGraph
# Login with service principal secret
## App ID and Tenant ID of your Azure AD App Registration
$appId = "<appId>"
$tenantId = "<tenantId>"
$clientSecret = "<clientSecret>"
## Convert the client secret to a SecureString
$secureSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $clientSecret -AsPlainText -Force
## Create a PSCredential object
$credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($appId, $secureSecret)
## Connect using client credentials
Connect-MgGraph -TenantId $tenantId -ClientSecretCredential $credential
# Login with token
$token = (az account get-access-token --resource https://graph.microsoft.com --query accessToken -o tsv)
$secureToken = ConvertTo-SecureString $token -AsPlainText -Force
Connect-MgGraph -AccessToken $secureToken
# Find commands
Find-MgGraphCommand -command *Mg*
Connect-AzAccount #Open browser
# Using credentials
$passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString "Welcome2022!" -AsPlainText -Force
$creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("test@corp.onmicrosoft.com", $passwd)
Connect-AzAccount -Credential $creds
# Get Access Token
(Get-AzAccessToken).Token
# Request access token to other endpoints: AadGraph, AnalysisServices, Arm, Attestation, Batch, DataLake, KeyVault, MSGraph, OperationalInsights, ResourceManager, Storage, Synapse
(Get-AzAccessToken -ResourceTypeName MSGraph).Token
(Get-AzAccessToken -Resource "https://graph.microsoft.com").Token
# Connect with access token
Connect-AzAccount -AccountId test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -AccessToken $token
Connect-AzAccount -AccessToken $token -GraphAccessToken $graphaccesstoken -AccountId <ACCOUNT-ID>
## The -AccessToken is from management.azure.com
# Connect with Service principal/enterprise app secret
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString 'KWEFNOIRFIPMWL.--DWPNVFI._EDWWEF_ADF~SODNFBWRBIF' -AsPlainText -Force
$creds = New-Object
System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('2923847f-fca2-a420-df10-a01928bec653', $password)
Connect-AzAccount -ServicePrincipal -Credential $creds -Tenant 29sd87e56-a192-a934-bca3-0398471ab4e7d
#All the Azure AD cmdlets have the format *-AzAD*
Get-Command *azad*
#Cmdlets for other Azure resources have the format *Az*
Get-Command *az*
#Using management
$Token = 'eyJ0eXAi..'
# List subscriptions
$URI = 'https://management.azure.com/subscriptions?api-version=2020-01-01'
$RequestParams = @{
Method = 'GET'
Uri = $URI
Headers = @{
'Authorization' = "Bearer $Token"
}
}
(Invoke-RestMethod @RequestParams).value
# Using graph
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://graph.windows.net/myorganization/users?api-version=1.6" -Headers @{Authorization="Bearer {0}" -f $Token}
# Request tokens to access endpoints
# ARM
curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://management.azure.com&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER
# Vault
curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://vault.azure.net&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER
Connect-AzureAD #Open browser
# Using credentials
$passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString "Welcome2022!" -AsPlainText -Force
$creds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("test@corp.onmicrosoft.com", $passwd)
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $creds
# Using tokens
## AzureAD cannot request tokens, but can use AADGraph and MSGraph tokens to connect
Connect-AzureAD -AccountId test@corp.onmicrosoft.com -AadAccessToken $token
# The important part is the ClientId, which identifies the application to login inside Azure
$token = Invoke-Authorize -Credential $credential `
-ClientId '1dfb5f98-f363-4b0f-b63a-8d20ada1e62d' `
-Scope 'Files.Read.All openid profile Sites.Read.All User.Read email' `
-Redirect_Uri "https://graphtryit-staging.azurewebsites.net/" `
-Verbose -Debug `
-InformationAction Continue
$token = Invoke-Authorize -Credential $credential `
-ClientId '65611c08-af8c-46fc-ad20-1888eb1b70d9' `
-Scope 'openid profile Sites.Read.All User.Read email' `
-Redirect_Uri "chrome-extension://imjekgehfljppdblckcmjggcoboemlah" `
-Verbose -Debug `
-InformationAction Continue
$token = Invoke-Authorize -Credential $credential `
-ClientId 'd3ce4cf8-6810-442d-b42e-375e14710095' `
-Scope 'openid' `
-Redirect_Uri "https://graphexplorer.azurewebsites.net/" `
-Verbose -Debug `
-InformationAction Continue
# List tenants
az account tenant list
# Enumerate users
az ad user list --output table
az ad user list --query "[].userPrincipalName"
# Get info of 1 user
az ad user show --id "test@corp.onmicrosoft.com"
# Search "admin" users
az ad user list --query "[].displayName" | findstr /i "admin"
az ad user list --query "[?contains(displayName,'admin')].displayName"
# Search attributes containing the word "password"
az ad user list | findstr /i "password" | findstr /v "null,"
# All users from Entra ID
az ad user list --query "[].{osi:onPremisesSecurityIdentifier,upn:userPrincipalName}[?osi==null]"
az ad user list --query "[?onPremisesSecurityIdentifier==null].displayName"
# All users synced from on-prem
az ad user list --query "[].{osi:onPremisesSecurityIdentifier,upn:userPrincipalName}[?osi!=null]"
az ad user list --query "[?onPremisesSecurityIdentifier!=null].displayName"
# Get groups where the user is a member
az ad user get-member-groups --id <email>
# Get roles assigned to the user in Azure (NOT in Entra ID)
az role assignment list --include-inherited --include-groups --include-classic-administrators true --assignee <email>
# Get ALL roles assigned in Azure in the current subscription (NOT in Entra ID)
az role assignment list --include-inherited --include-groups --include-classic-administrators true --all
# Get EntraID roles assigned to a user
## Get Token
export TOKEN=$(az account get-access-token --resource https://graph.microsoft.com/ --query accessToken -o tsv)
## Get users
curl -X GET "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" | jq
## Get EntraID roles assigned to an user
curl -X GET "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/rolemanagement/directory/transitiveRoleAssignments?\$count=true&\$filter=principalId%20eq%20'86b10631-ff01-4e73-a031-29e505565caa'" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
-H "ConsistencyLevel: eventual" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" | jq
## Get role details
curl -X GET "https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/roleManagement/directory/roleDefinitions/cf1c38e5-3621-4004-a7cb-879624dced7c" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" | jq
# Enumerate Users
Get-AzureADUser -All $true
Get-AzureADUser -All $true | select UserPrincipalName
# Get info of 1 user
Get-AzureADUser -ObjectId test@corp.onmicrosoft.com | fl
# Search "admin" users
Get-AzureADUser -SearchString "admin" #Search admin at the begining of DisplayName or userPrincipalName
Get-AzureADUser -All $true |?{$_.Displayname -match "admin"} #Search "admin" word in DisplayName
# Get all attributes of a user
Get-AzureADUser -ObjectId test@defcorphq.onmicrosoft.com|%{$_.PSObject.Properties.Name}
# Search attributes containing the word "password"
Get-AzureADUser -All $true |%{$Properties = $_;$Properties.PSObject.Properties.Name | % {if ($Properties.$_ -match 'password') {"$($Properties.UserPrincipalName) - $_ - $($Properties.$_)"}}}
# All users from AzureAD# All users from AzureAD
Get-AzureADUser -All $true | ?{$_.OnPremisesSecurityIdentifier -eq $null}
# All users synced from on-prem
Get-AzureADUser -All $true | ?{$_.OnPremisesSecurityIdentifier -ne $null}
# Objects created by a/any user
Get-AzureADUser [-ObjectId <email>] | Get-AzureADUserCreatedObject
# Devices owned by a user
Get-AzureADUserOwnedDevice -ObjectId test@corp.onmicrosoft.com
# Objects owned by a specific user
Get-AzureADUserOwnedObject -ObjectId test@corp.onmicrosoft.com
# Get groups & roles where the user is a member
Get-AzureADUserMembership -ObjectId 'test@corp.onmicrosoft.com'
# Get devices owned by a user
Get-AzureADUserOwnedDevice -ObjectId test@corp.onmicrosoft.com
# Get devices registered by a user
Get-AzureADUserRegisteredDevice -ObjectId test@defcorphq.onmicrosoft.com
# Apps where a user has a role (role not shown)
Get-AzureADUser -ObjectId roygcain@defcorphq.onmicrosoft.com | Get-AzureADUserAppRoleAssignment | fl *
# Get Administrative Units of a user
$userObj = Get-AzureADUser -Filter "UserPrincipalName eq 'bill@example.com'"
Get-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnit | where { Get-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnitMember -Id $_.Id | where { $_.Id -eq $userObj.ObjectId } }
# Enumerate users
Get-AzADUser
# Get details of a user
Get-AzADUser -UserPrincipalName test@defcorphq.onmicrosoft.com
# Search user by string
Get-AzADUser -SearchString "admin" #Search at the beginnig of DisplayName
Get-AzADUser | ?{$_.Displayname -match "admin"}
# Get roles assigned to a user
Get-AzRoleAssignment -SignInName test@corp.onmicrosoft.com
$password = "ThisIsTheNewPassword.!123" | ConvertTo- SecureString -AsPlainText –Force
(Get-AzureADUser -All $true | ?{$_.UserPrincipalName -eq "victim@corp.onmicrosoft.com"}).ObjectId | Set- AzureADUserPassword -Password $password –Verbose
# Enumerate groups
az ad group list
az ad group list --query "[].[displayName]" -o table
# Get info of 1 group
az ad group show --group <group>
# Get "admin" groups
az ad group list --query "[].displayName" | findstr /i "admin"
az ad group list --query "[?contains(displayName,'admin')].displayName"
# All groups from Entra ID
az ad group list --query "[].{osi:onPremisesSecurityIdentifier,displayName:displayName,description:description}[?osi==null]"
az ad group list --query "[?onPremisesSecurityIdentifier==null].displayName"
# All groups synced from on-prem
az ad group list --query "[].{osi:onPremisesSecurityIdentifier,displayName:displayName,description:description}[?osi!=null]"
az ad group list --query "[?onPremisesSecurityIdentifier!=null].displayName"
# Get members of group
az ad group member list --group <group> --query "[].userPrincipalName" -o table
# Check if member of group
az ad group member check --group "VM Admins" --member-id <id>
# Get which groups a group is member of
az ad group get-member-groups -g "VM Admins"
# Get roles assigned to the group in Azure (NOT in Entra ID)
az role assignment list --include-groups --include-classic-administrators true --assignee <group-id>
# To get Entra ID roles assigned check how it's done with users and use a group ID
# Enumerate Groups
Get-AzureADGroup -All $true
# Get info of 1 group
Get-AzADGroup -DisplayName <resource_group_name> | fl
# Get "admin" groups
Get-AzureADGroup -SearchString "admin" | fl #Groups starting by "admin"
Get-AzureADGroup -All $true |?{$_.Displayname -match "admin"} #Groups with the word "admin"
# Get groups allowing dynamic membership
Get-AzureADMSGroup | ?{$_.GroupTypes -eq 'DynamicMembership'}
# All groups that are from Azure AD
Get-AzureADGroup -All $true | ?{$_.OnPremisesSecurityIdentifier -eq $null}
# All groups that are synced from on-prem (note that security groups are not synced)
Get-AzureADGroup -All $true | ?{$_.OnPremisesSecurityIdentifier -ne $null}
# Get members of a group
Get-AzureADGroupMember -ObjectId <group_id>
# Get roles of group
Get-AzureADMSGroup -SearchString "Contoso_Helpdesk_Administrators" #Get group id
Get-AzureADMSRoleAssignment -Filter "principalId eq '69584002-b4d1-4055-9c94-320542efd653'"
# Get Administrative Units of a group
$groupObj = Get-AzureADGroup -Filter "displayname eq 'TestGroup'"
Get-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnit | where { Get-AzureADMSAdministrativeUnitMember -Id $_.Id | where {$_.Id -eq $groupObj.ObjectId} }
# Get Apps where a group has a role (role not shown)
Get-AzureADGroup -ObjectId <id> | Get-AzureADGroupAppRoleAssignment | fl *
# Get all groups
Get-AzADGroup
# Get details of a group
Get-AzADGroup -ObjectId <id>
# Search group by string
Get-AzADGroup -SearchString "admin" | fl * #Search at the beginnig of DisplayName
Get-AzADGroup |?{$_.Displayname -match "admin"}
# Get members of group
Get-AzADGroupMember -GroupDisplayName <resource_group_name>
# Get roles of group
Get-AzRoleAssignment -ResourceGroupName <resource_group_name>
Add-AzureADGroupMember -ObjectId <group_id> -RefObjectId <user_id> -Verbose
# Get Service Principals
az ad sp list --all
az ad sp list --all --query "[].[displayName,appId]" -o table
# Get details of one SP
az ad sp show --id 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
# Search SP by string
az ad sp list --all --query "[?contains(displayName,'app')].displayName"
# Get owner of service principal
az ad sp owner list --id <id> --query "[].[displayName]" -o table
# Get service principals owned by the current user
az ad sp list --show-mine
# Get SPs with generated secret or certificate
az ad sp list --query '[?length(keyCredentials) > `0` || length(passwordCredentials) > `0`].[displayName, appId, keyCredentials, passwordCredentials]' -o json
# Get Service Principals
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -All $true
# Get details about a SP
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -ObjectId <id> | fl *
# Get SP by string name or Id
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -All $true | ?{$_.DisplayName -match "app"} | fl
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -All $true | ?{$_.AppId -match "103947652-1234-5834-103846517389"}
# Get owner of SP
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -ObjectId <id> | Get-AzureADServicePrincipalOwner |fl *
# Get objects owned by a SP
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -ObjectId <id> | Get-AzureADServicePrincipalOwnedObject
# Get objects created by a SP
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -ObjectId <id> | Get-AzureADServicePrincipalCreatedObject
# Get groups where the SP is a member
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal | Get-AzureADServicePrincipalMembership
Get-AzureADServicePrincipal -ObjectId <id> | Get-AzureADServicePrincipalMembership |fl *
# Get SPs
Get-AzADServicePrincipal
# Get info of 1 SP
Get-AzADServicePrincipal -ObjectId <id>
# Search SP by string
Get-AzADServicePrincipal | ?{$_.DisplayName -match "app"}
# Get roles of a SP
Get-AzRoleAssignment -ServicePrincipalName <String>
$Token = 'eyJ0eX..'
$URI = 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/applications'
$RequestParams = @{
Method = 'GET'
Uri = $URI
Headers = @{
'Authorization' = "Bearer $Token"
}
}
(Invoke-RestMethod @RequestParams).value
# List all registered applications
Get-AzureADApplication -All $true
# Get details of an application
Get-AzureADApplication -ObjectId <id> | fl *
# List all the apps with an application password
Get-AzureADApplication -All $true | %{if(Get-AzureADApplicationPasswordCredential -ObjectID $_.ObjectID){$_}}
# Get owner of an application
Get-AzureADApplication -ObjectId <id> | Get-AzureADApplicationOwner |fl *
# Get Apps
Get-AzADApplication
# Get details of one App
Get-AzADApplication -ObjectId <id>
# Get App searching by string
Get-AzADApplication | ?{$_.DisplayName -match "app"}
# Get Apps with password
Get-AzADAppCredential
az login #This will open the browser (if not use --use-device-code)
az login -u <username> -p <password> #Specify user and password
az login --identity #Use the current machine managed identity (metadata)
az login --identity -u /subscriptions/<subscriptionId>/resourcegroups/myRG/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/myID #Login with user managed identity
# Login as service principal
## With password
az login --service-principal -u <application ID> -p VerySecret --tenant contoso.onmicrosoft.com # Tenant can also be the tenant UUID
## With cert
az login --service-principal -u <application ID> -p ~/mycertfile.pem --tenant contoso.onmicrosoft.com
# Request access token (ARM)
az account get-access-token
# Request access token for different resource. Supported tokens: aad-graph, arm, batch, data-lake, media, ms-graph, oss-rdbms
az account get-access-token --resource-type aad-graph
# If you want to configure some defaults
az configure
# Get user logged-in already
az ad signed-in-user show
# Help
az find "vm" # Find vm commands
az vm -h # Get subdomains
az ad user list --query-examples # Get examples